2

Advantages of sheet metal over other materials

Although 3D printing is quickly becoming a popular choice for manufacturing, there are times when sheet metal fabrication can serve as a better alternative. Depending on your project, sheet metal fabrication may be a superior choice over non-metal options or other metal manufacturing processes.

But not all sheet metal is created equal. Each material type has specific characteristics that may make it perfect for one project, yet inappropriate for another. Each material’s properties may behave differently during fabrication, under stress, over time, or when subjected to chemicals and environmental conditions. These are all important considerations when determining what is best for your product. Sheet metal has several advantages over other materials:

Dimensional Accuracy
Many factors can impact the dimensional accuracy of your part, including machines used and their tooling as well as the fabricator’s experience with and knowledge of the properties and behaviors of various sheet metal materials. Working with an experienced sheet metal fabricator that has a proven track record of producing high-quality parts is of the utmost importance.

Strength and Durability
Strength is the measure of stress that can be applied to a material before it deforms, and durability is the ability of the product to perform as intended throughout its expected lifetime. Parts made from sheet metal tend to be stronger and more durable than their plastic counterparts, allowing them to withstand greater pressure and heat without failing or collapsing. The malleability of sheet metal gives it the ability to be stretched or compressed without breaking or cracking. This property allows it to be used in complex, custom, or highly specialized applications. In addition, surface treatments to prevent corrosion and environmental damage can be used to further improve durability.

Cost-Effectiveness
Tooling costs for plastics can be very expensive, making sheet metal a more economical choice. Many companies move from machined parts to sheet metal because of the overall reduction in costs and material waste. With optimized nesting of parts, sheet metal can be more efficiently utilized, resulting in much less waste compared to machined parts.

2

Precision Metal Fabrication Materials and Process

Precision Metal Fabrication refers to multiple processes that alter a metal sheet’s original shape to produce desired parts and products. The manufacturing steps are procedural and must incorporate the right processes to give out a desired final product.

Types of Precision Metal Fabrication Materials
There are numerous types of sheet metals available that are suitable for various fabrication processes. The primary metals available include:

Steel – all four classifications of steel are prominent for robust strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion.
Aluminum – a relatively lightweight metal with high strength.
Magnesium – a shiny, lightweight, and strong metal with low density making it adequate for structures that require stiffness.
Bronze – a very high ductile metal with a low melting point.
Copper – a soft and malleable metal with heat and electrical conductivity.

What is the Precision Metal Fabrication Process?

There are three primary steps in the fabrication process. Following each process guarantees the production of high-quality final products.

  1. Cutting
    The cutting process is complex and depends on the type of material. Also, the preferred final product plays a crucial role in the selection of the cutting process. The main cutting processes include: mechanical cutting, laser cutting, punching, shearing, waterjet cutting.
  2. Forming
    It is the process of bending the sheet metal into desired shapes. The manufacturer uses methods like air bending, roll forming, and coining in this process.
  3. Joining/Assembly
    Joining is the process of assembling together different components of the metal to achieve the desired product. This process can include welding (MIG, TIG, laser welding, spotwelding), riveting, or the use of hardware fasteners.

2

Main points of precision parts machining

Precision parts machining is a complex and rigorous process, which is composed of each step-by-step process. So what are the specific points of precision parts machining?

The production process of a machine refers to the entire process of making products from raw materials (or semi-finished products). For machine production, it includes the transportation and storage of raw materials, production preparation, blank manufacturing, parts processing and heat treatment, product assembly, and debugging, painting and packaging. The content of the production process is very extensive. Modern enterprises use the principles and methods of system engineering to organize and guide production, and regard the production process as a production system with inputs and outputs.

In the production process, the process of changing the shape, size, position and nature of the production object to make it a finished product or semi-finished product is called a process. It is the main part of the production process. The process can be divided into casting, forging, stamping, welding, machining, assembly and other processes. The mechanical manufacturing process generally refers to the sum of the machining process of the parts and the assembly process of the machine. Other processes are called auxiliary process, such as transportation, storage, power supply, equipment maintenance, etc. The process is composed of one or several sequential processes, and a process consists of several steps.

The process of precision parts machining is the basic unit of the machining process. The so-called process refers to a part of the process that a worker (or a group of), on a machine tool (or a work site), is continuously completed for the same workpiece (or for several workpieces at the same time). The main feature of forming a process is that the processing objects, equipment and operators are not changed, and the content of the process is completed continuously.

2

What are operation steps of precision machining?

  1. Finishing process: This principle means some polishing process, which is usually done after the product has been finished the structure.
  2. Plane first and hole second: In the process of machining precision parts, for workpieces such as brackets, it is necessary to machine both plane and mechanical holes. In order to reduce the accuracy error of the holes, it is beneficial to reduce the error by processing the plane first and hole second.
  3. Divide the processing stage: During precision machining, different degrees of processing need to be divided according to the different product requirements. If the accuracy requirement is not high, then a simple rough processing stage is enough. The progress requirement of the product is stricter and stricter, followed by semi finishing and finishing.
  4. Benchmark first: When using mechanical equipment to machine products, a benchmark must be determined so that there is a reference for positioning in subsequent processing. After determining the benchmark, the benchmark must be machined first. During machining mechanical parts, there will be many parts not produced by one-time production, but when the parts are produced, it is only a rough model.
2

Standards for precision parts processing

If the size is very different, the products will become scraps and need to be reworked to meet the requirements. This process is very time-consuming and laborious. Sometimes all the raw materials are scrapped and the cost increases. At the same time, the parts are bound to be unusable. There are many requirements for precision parts processing. So what are the requirements for precision parts processing?

  1. Generally, in order to ensure the machining accuracy of parts, the machining of rough parts and precision mechanical parts must be run separately. Because the cutting amount, clamping force, heat generation, and cutting force of the workpiece are all different. If rough machining and precision machining are performed continuously, the precision of precision machining parts will be lost due to the difference in stress.
  2. The rationality of equipment selection. The machining of rough parts does not require high machining accuracy, but mainly cuts the machining allowance, so precision machining requires very high-precision machine tools.
  3. In the process of precision parts, heat treatment processes are often arranged. The position of the heat treatment process is arranged as follows: in order to improve the cutting performance of the metal, such as annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, etc., it is generally arranged before the machining of the mechanical parts.
  4. Generally speaking, almost all precision parts are processed with heat treatment process, which can improve the cutting performance of metal.
2

How to select materials for precision machining parts?

We all know that the smaller parts, the higher requirements for machining accuracy, and this kind of processing for high-precision parts is also called precision machining. Because of its very high precision requirements, this has an impact on the performance and the precision requirements are correspondingly very high, and materials with too high strength and hardness cannot be used. Such materials will increase the difficulty of processing. If the hardness of the processing machine is exceeded, the machine may even be damaged. So what are the material requirements for precision machining parts?

There are many kinds of materials in common processing, but we can classify them into metals and non-metals. Generally, the hardness of metals is stainless steel, followed by iron, then copper, and finally aluminum. Among non-metallic materials, ceramics and plastics are particularly representative.

  1. First of all, as far as the hardness of the material is concerned, in some applications, the higher hardness, the better. However, because the hardness of the processing machine has a certain limit, the material to be processed must not be too hard, at least it can not be higher than the hardness of the machine. If it is higher than the hardness of the machine, then it must not be processed.
  2. Secondly, not only the hardness of the material should be moderate, but also at least one grade lower than the hardness of the machine part, and the function of the processing device should be analyzed, and then the machine part should be reasonably selected. Only in this way can it be ensured that the products produced are most in line with the requirements and at the same time the most economical.

All in all, the selection of materials when processing precision parts must also have certain requirements. Not all materials are suitable for processing, and materials that are too soft or too hard are not feasible. Therefore, in general, the material must be carefully determined before processing, and pay attention to the hardness of the material. Ultra-high hardness materials will not only damage the parts, but may also cause incidents such as flying and hurting the turning tool.

2

How to reduce the noise in precision cnc machining?

Now precision cnc machining in factories are all CNC processing, such as: CNC milling machine, machining center, CNC grinder, CNC drilling machine, CNC punch, CNC bending machine, WEDM, etc.

Precision cnc machining technology, as a core technology in machinery industry, has been the focus of researching and development in the world. The traditional finished products of precision cnc machining are gradually moving towards the direction of automation and high precision, including precision equipment parts, such as computer processors, integrated circuits, measuring instruments, etc. This means that precision machinery is no longer a single mechanical discipline, but intermingled with other disciplines to form a new science.

But there is one issue, precision cnc machining will produce some noise. So how to reduce it?

  1. Production should be more standardized
    More than 30% of gear transmission noise comes from burrs and bumps. Some precision machining parts factories remove burrs and bumps before gearbox assembly, which is a passive method.
  2. The accuracy of gear needs to be ensured
    The accuracy of the size of gear holes should be distributed around the middle difference of the deviation value of the holes, which should be set at 0.003~0.005mm. If the deviation is beyond the design requirement of the holes, it must be classified and transferred to the gear cutting process separately.
  3. Basic requirements of gear accuracy
    Practice has proved that the gear accuracy must be controlled in GB10995-887-8 grade. The linear speed is higher than 20m/s gear. The limit deviation of pitch, the radial runout tolerance of ring gear, and the tooth direction tolerance must be stable to reach 7 grade accuracy.
2

Equipments and types of machining

The production process of mechanical processing includes the transportation and preservation of raw materials, production preparation, parts machining and heat treatment, assembly and debugging. Through mechanical processing, the shape, size and performance of raw material can be changed to meet the requirements of finished products.This process is also called the technological process, consisting of one or several sequential processes.

Common equipment for machining:
Including digital display milling machine, digital display forming grinder, digital display lathe, electric discharge machine, universal grinder, cylindrical grinder, internal grinder, precision lathe and other equipment.

Types of machining:
Single piece machining is to produce a single part and seldom repeat production.
Batch machining : batch production of the same parts.
Mass machining: when a product is needed in large quantity, it is necessary to repeat the production of a specific part frequently.

Notices for mechanical processing:

It is necessary to reducible processing operations and minimize unnecessary tiptoe movements.

Positioning should be accurate and reliable, so as to prevent vibration and cause errors.

The movement direction of the equipment operating parts and the movement direction of the operated parts should conform to the requirements and be simply marked.

Set up the necessary interlocking mechanism to prevent uncoordinated movements in operation and cause danger.

2

What is a fabricated metal parts?

Metal fabrication is a critical part of the manufacturing process. From paperclips to plane parts, it’s used to create a wide variety of products. Metal fabrication is an essential step in creating everything from hardware and tools to car parts and pipes. So what exactly is metal fabrication? Metal fabrication is a manufacturing process used to shape metal into parts or end products.

Most metal fabrication uses sheet metal, which can be up to 0.25 inches thick. Fabricators convert this sheet metal into products or tools. Some of the industries that use metal fabrication include:

Aerospace
Agricultural industries
Alternative energy
Automotive
Construction
Consumer products
Military and defense
Original equipment manufacturers
Recreational vehicles

Metal fabrication plays a large role in creating parts for mass consumption. The mass production of products like screws, cans, cutlery, pipes and pans all fall into this category. These products tend to have consistent requirements and a wider tolerance for error. This means that the parts can differ in small ways from the original design but still function as expected.

On the other hand, metal fabrication can also create large runs of customized fabricated metal parts. These projects usually include the design and fabrication of customized metal parts to fit a business’ needs. Customized valves, car parts and hardware are all examples of this type of project. Some examples of products made with metal fabrication include:
Cans
Cutlery
Car parts
Bolts, nuts, and screws
Equipment attachments
Hand tools
Metal windows and doors
Pipes and pipe fittings

2

Thread Size Chart for AN Fittings

Thread Size Chart for AN Fittings

Download Here

Thread Size Chart for AN Fittings
       JIC 37°Male                                                                    JIC 37° flare

AN -SAEDash SizeThread Size
Per Inch
Thread SizeThreads Per InchFemale Thread
ID (mm)
Male Thread
OD(mm)
AN-2–25/165/16-24246.77.9
AN-3–33/83/8-24248.39.5
AN-4–47/167/16-20209.911.1
AN-5–51/21/2-202011.512.7
AN-6–69/169/16-181812.714.3
AN-8–83/43/4-161617.519.1
AN-10– 107/87/8-141420.622.2
AN-12–121-1/161 1/16-121224.627
AN-14–141-3/161 3/16-121228.230.2
AN-16–161-5/161 5/16-121231.433.3
AN-20–201-5/81 5/8-121239.341.3
AN-24–241-7/81 7/8-121245.647.6
AN-32–322-1/22 1/2-121261.563.5

2

Stainless Steel – Comparing International Standards

Stainless steel grades listed in the international standard ISO 15510:2010

Comparative designations of grades with similar composition from other important standards.

(listed by type of steel structure and by increasing intermediate 3-digits code of the ISO name)

TypeISO-Name (1)ISO DesignationENUNSAISIJISGB
A4657-080-20-UX4NiCrCuMo35-20-4-31.4657()N08020
A4563-080-28-IX1NiCrMoCu31-27-41.4563N08028
A4864-083-77-XX13NiCr35-161.4864R20033,N08330SUH330S33010
A4478-083-67-UX2NiCrMoN25-21-71.4478()N08367SUS836L
A4958-088-77-EX5NiCrAlTi31-201.4958
A4959-088-77-EX8NiCrAlTi32-201.4959
A4959-088-11-UX8NiCrAlTi33-211.4959N08811
A4876-088-00-IX8NiCrAlTi32-211.4876N08800“800”NCF800
A4959-088-10-UX7NiCrAlTi33-211.4959N08810“800H”NCF800H
A4479-089-36-UX1NiCrMoMnN34-27-6-51.4479()N08936
A4529-089-26-IX1NiCrMoCuN25-20-71.4529N08926“926”
A4539-089-04-IX1NiCrMoCu25-20-51.4539N08904“904L”SUS890LS39042
A4656-089-04-IX1NiCrMoCu22-20-5-21.4656()
A4615-201-75-EX3CrMnNiCu 15-8-5-3 *)1.4615
A4371-201-53-IX2CrMnNiN17-7-51.4371S20153
A4618-201-76-EX9CrMnNiCu 17-8-5-21.4618
A4617-201-76-JX6CrNiMnCu17-8-4-21.4617()SUS304J2
A4372-201-00-IX12CrMnNiN17-7-51.4372S20100201SUS201S35350
A4369-202-91-IX11CrNiMnN19-8-61.4369
A4890-202-09-XX53CrMnNiN21-9-41.4890()SUH35S35650
A4373-202-00-IX12CrMnNiN18-9-51.4373S20200202SUS202S35450
A4597-204-76-IX8CrMnCuN17-8-31.4597
A4982-215-00-EX10CrNiMoMnNbVB15-10-11.4982S21500
A4318-301-53-IX2CrNiN18-71.4318S30153“301LN”SUS301LS30153
A4319-301-00-IX5CrNi17-71.4319S30100301SUS301S30110
A4310-301-00-IX10CrNi18-81.4310S30100301S30110
A4326-302-15-IX12CrNiSi18-9-31.4326()S30215“302Si”SUS302BS30240
A4325-302-00-EX9CrNi18-91.4325S30200302SUS302S30210
A4667-303-76-JX12CrNiCuS18-91.4667()[1.4570]“303Cu”SUS303Cu
A4625-303-23-XX12CrNiSe18-91.4625()S30323303SeSUS303SeS30327
A4305-303-00-IX10CrNiS18-91.4305S30300303SUS303S30317
A4570-303-31-IX6CrNiCuS18-9-21.4570S30331“303Cu+”
A4567-304-30-IX3CrNiCu18-9-41.4567S30430SUSXM7S30488
A4818-304-15-EX6CrNiSiNCe19-101.4818S30415S30450
A4567-304-76-IX6CrNiCu17-8-21.4567SUS304J1S30480
A4311-304-53-IX2CrNiN18-91.4311S30453“304LN”SUS304LNS30453
A4650-304-75-EX2CrNiCu19-101.4650“304LCu”SUS304LS30403
A4948-304-09-IX7CrNi18-91.4948S30409“304H”S30409
A4567-304-98-XX6CrNiCu18-9-21.4567S30431“304Cu”SUS304J3S30480
A4649-304-76-JX6CrNiCu19-9-11.4649()“304Cu”SUS304CuS30488
A4315-304-51-IX5CrNiN19-91.4315S30451304NSUS304N1S30458
A4306-304-03-IX2CrNi19-111.4306S30403304LSUS304LS30403
A4307-304-03-IX2CrNi18-91.4307,[1.4306]S30403304LSUS304LS30403
A4301-304-00-IX5CrNi18-91.4301S30400304SUS304S30408
A4828-305-09-IX15CrNiSi20-121.4828
A4884-305-00-XX6CrNiSi18-13-41.4884()S30500SUSXM15J1S38148
A4303-305-00-IX6CrNi18-121.4303S30500305SUS305S30510
A4835-308-15-UX7CrNiSiNCe21-111.4835S30815
A4824-308-09-JX20CrNiN22-111.4824()SUH37S30850
A4496-309-51-JX4CrNiMoN25-14-11.4496()SUS317J2
A4833-309-08-IX18CrNi23-131.4833S30908“309S”SUH309S30908
A4950-309-08-EX6CrNi23-131.4950S30908309SSUS309SS30908
A4537-310-92-EX1CrNiMoCuN25-25-51.4537
A4335-310-02-IX1CrNi25-211.4335S31002
A4466-310-50-EX1CrNiMoN25-22-21.4466S31050S31053
A4845-310-08-EX8CrNi25-211.4845S31008“310S”SUS310SS31008
A4845-310-09-XX23CrNi25-211.4845S31008“310S”SUH310S31020
A4951-310-08-IX6CrNi25-201.4951S31008310SSUS310SS31008
A4659-312-66-IX1CrNiMoCuNW24-22-61.4659S31266
A4547-312-54-IX1CrNiMoCuN20-18-71.4547S31254SUS312LS31252
A4971-314-79-IX5CrNiCoMoWMnVNNb21-20-20-3-3-21.4971SUH661
A4841-314-00-EX15CrNiSi25-211.4841S31400314

A4660-315-77-IX6CrNiCuSiMo19-10-3-21.4660()SUS315J1
A4648-315-77-IX6CrNiSiCuMo19-13-3-3-11.4648()SUS315J2
A4665-316-76-JX6CrNiMoCu18-12-2-21.4665()SUS316J1
A4571-316-35-IX6CrNiMoTi17-12-21.4571S31635SUS316TiS31668
A4449-316-76-EX3CrNiMo18-12-31.4449
A4647-316-75-XX2CrNiMoCu18-14-2-21.4647()SUS316J1LS31683
A4432-316-03-IX2CrNiMo17-12-31.4432S31603SUS316LS31603
A4580-316-40-IX6CrNiMoNb17-12-21.4580S31640S31678
A4867-316-77-JX40CrNi1 5-141.4867()SUH31
A4578-316-76-EX3CrNiCuMo17-11-3-21.4578
A4910-316-77-EX3CrNiMoBN17-13-31.4910
A4429-316-53-IX2CrNiMoN17-12-31.4429S31653“316LN”SUS316LNS31653
A4406-316-53-IX2CrNiMoN17-11-21.4406S31653“316LN”SUS316LNS31653
A4495-316-51-JX6CrNiMoN17-12-31.4495()S31651316NSUS316NS31658
A4435-316-91-IX2CrNiMo18-14-31.4435S31603316LSUS316LS31603
A4404-316-03-IX2CrNiMo17-12-21.4404S31603316LSUS316LS31603
A4494-316-74-JX6CrNiMoS17-12-31.4494()S31620316FSUS316F
A4401-316-00-IX5CrNiMo17-12-21.4401S31600316SUS316S31608
A4436-316-00-IX3CrNiMo17-12-31.4436S31600316SUS316S31608
A4476-317-92-XX3CrNiMo18-16-51.4476()SUS317J1S31794
A4438-317-03-IX2CrNiMo19-14-41.4438S31703SUS317LS31703
A4483-317-26-IX2CrNiMoN18-15-51.4483()S31726S31723
A4879-317-77-JX30CrNiMoPB20-11-21.4879()SUH38
A4439-317-26-EX2CrNiMoN17-13-51.4439S31726S31723
A4445-317-00-UX6CrNiMo19-13-41.4445()S31700317SUS317S31708
A4434-317-53-IX2CrNiMoN18-12-41.4434S31753“317LN”SUS317LNS31753
A4941-321-09-IX6CrNiTiB18-101.4941S32109S32169
A4940-321-09-IX7CrNiTi18-101.4940,1.4541S32109“321H”SUS321HS32169
A4541-321-00-IX6CrNiTi18-101.4541S32100321SUS321S32168
A4652-326-54-IX1CrNiMoCuN24-22-81.4652S32654S32652
A4565-345-65-IX2CrNiMnMoN25-18-6-51.4565S34565S34553
A4961-347-77-EX8CrNiNb16-131.4961
A4912-347-09-IX7CrNiNb18-101.4912S34709“347H”SUS347H
A4550-347-00-IX6CrNiNb18-101.4550S34700347SUS347S34778
A4854-353-15-EX6NiCrSiNCe35-251.4854S35315
A4389-384-00-IX3NiCr18-161.4389()S38400384SUS384S38408
A PH4980-662-86-XX6NiCrTiMoVB25-15-21.4980,1.4606S66286()“660”SUH660S51525
AF4460-312-00-IX3CrNiMoN27-5-21.4460S31200S22553
AF4481-312-60-JX2CrNiMoN25-7-31.4481()S31260SUS329J4LS22583
AF4424-315-00-IX2CrNiMoSiMnN19-5-3-2-21.4424S31500
AF4462-318-03-IX2CrNiMoN22-5-31.4462S32205,S3F51,F60SUS329J3LS22053
AF4162-321-01-EX2CrMnNiN21-5-1 *)1.4162S32101
AF4062-322-02-UX2CrNiN22-2 *)1.4062S32202
AF4362-323-04-IX2CrNiN23-41.4362S32304S23043
AF4507-325-50-XX3CrNiMoCuN26-6-3-21.4507S32550S25554
AF4507-325-20-IX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-31.4507S32520
AF4501-327-60-IX2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.4501S32760S27603
AF4410-327-50-EX2CrNiMoN25-7-41.4410S32750S25073
AF4658-327-07-UX2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-1 *)1.4658()S32707
AF4477-329-06-EX2CrNiMoN29-7-2 *)1.4477S32906
AF4480-329-00-UX6CrNiMo26-4-21.4480()S32900329SUS329J1
AF4485-332-07-UX2CrNiMoN31-8-41.4485()S33207
F4523-182-35-IX2CrMoTiS18-21.4523S18235
F4724-405-77-IX10CrAlSi131.4724
F4002-405-00-IX6CrAl131.4002S40500405SUS405S11348
F4516-409-75-IX6CrNiTi121.4516S40975
F4720-409-00-IX2CrTi121.4720S40900409SUH409LS11163
F4030-410-90-XX2Cr121.4030()SUS410LS11203
F4003-410-77-IX2CrNi121.4003S41003S11213
F4000-410-08-IX6Cr131.4000S41008SUS410SS41008
F4595-429-71-IX1CrNb151.4595
F4589-429-70-EX5CrNiMoTi15-21.4589
F4012-429-00-XX10Cr151.4012()S42900429SUS429S11510
F4742-430-77-IX10CrAlSi181.4742
F4017-430-91-EX6CrNi17-11.4017
F4511-430-71-IX3CrNb171.4511SUS430LX
F4664-430-75-JX2CrCuTi181.4664()SUS430J1L
F4520-430-70-IX2CrTi171.4520SUS430LX
F4510-430-35-IX3CrTi171.4510S43035439SUS430LXS11863
F4004-430-20-IX7CrS171.4004()S43020430FSUS430FS11717
F4016-430-00-IX6Cr171.4016S43000430SUS430S11710
F4113-434-00-IX6CrMo17-11.4113S43400434SUS434S11790
F4609-436-77-JX2CrMo191.4609()SUS436J1L
F4513-436-00-JX2CrMoNbTi18-11.4513()S43600436SUS436LS11862
F4526-436-00-IX6CrMoNb17-11.4526S43600436S11770
F4509-439-40-XX2CrTiNb181.4509S43940SUS430LXS11873
F4764-442-72-JX8CrAl19-31.4764()SUH21
F4521-444-00-IX2CrMoTi18-21.4521S44400444SUS444S11972
F4621-445-00-EX2CrNbCu211.4621S44500
F4128-445-92-JX2CrMo23-11.4128()
F4762-445-72-IX10CrAlSi251.4762
F4129-445-92-JX2CrMo23-21.4129()
F4750-446-60-UX2CrMoNi27-4-21.4750()S44660
F4131-446-92-CX1CrMo26-11.4131(),1.4749S44627SUSXM27S12791
F4749-446-00-IX15CrN261.4749S44600446SUH446S12550
F4135-447-92-CX1CrMo30-21.4135()S44700SUS447J1S13091
M4119-410-92-CX13CrMo131.4119()SUS410J1S45710
M4024-410-09-EX15Cr131.4024SUS410
M4006-410-00-IX12Cr131.4006S41000410SUS410S41010
M4415-415-92-EX2CrNiMoV13-5-21.4415
M4313-415-00-IX3CrNiMo13-41.4313S41500SUSF6NMS41595
M4642-416-72-JX13CrPb131.4642()SUS410F2
M4005-416-00-IX12CrS131.4005S41600416SUS416S41617
M4038-420-00-IX52Cr131.4038()S42000
M4039-420-09-IX60Cr131.4039()
M4419-420-97-EX38CrMo141.4419S35830
M4110-420-69-EX55CrMo141.4110
M4116-420-77-EX50CrMoV151.4116
M4035-420-74-EX46CrS131.4035
M4034-420-00-IX46Cr131.4034S42000S42040
M4643-420-72-JX33CrPb131.4643()SUS420F2
M4029-420-20-IX33CrS131.4029S42020420FSUS420FS42037
M4031-420-00-IX39Cr131.4031S42000420S42040
M4028-420-00-IX30Cr1 31.4028S42000420SUS420J2S42030
M4021-420-00-IX20Cr131.4021S42000420SUS420J1S42020
M4923-422-77-EX22CrMoNiV12-11.4923
M4929-422-00-IX23CrMoWMnNiV12-1-11.4929()S42200422SUH616S47220
M4058-429-99-JX33Cr161.4058()SUS429J1
M4019-430-20-IX14CrS171.4019,1.4104S43020430FS11717
M4418-431-77-EX4CrNiMo16-5-11.4418
M4123-431-77-EX40CrMoVN16-21.4123
M4057-431-00-XX17CrNi16-21.4057S43100431SUS431S43120
M4122-434-09-IX39CrMo17-11.4122
M4766-440-77-XX80CrSiNi20-21.4766()SUH4S48380
M4025-440-74-JX110CrS171.4025()“440F”SUS440FS44097
M4023-440-04-IX110Cr171.4023()S44004440CSUS440CS44096
M4041-440-03-XX85Cr171.4041()S44003440BSUS440BS44080
M4040-440-02-XX68Cr171.4040()S44002440ASUS440AS44070
M4916-600-77-JX18CrMnMoNbVN121.4916()SUH600S46250
M-PH4534-138-00-XX3CrNiMoAl13-8-31.4534S13800S51380
M-PH4594-155-92-EX5CrNiMoCuNb14-51.4594
M-PH4532-157-00-IX8CrNiMoAl15-7-21.4532S15700S51570
M-PH4542-174-00-IX5CrNiCuNb16-41.4542S17400“630”SUS630S51740
M-PH4568-177-00-IX7CrNiAl17-71.4568S17700“631”SUS631S51700
M-PH4457-350-00-XX9CrNiMoN17-5-31.4457()S35000S51750
M-PH4530-455-77-EX1CrNiMoAlTi12-9-21.4530
M-PH4596-455-77-EX1CrNiMoAlTi12-10-21.4596
M-PH4645-469-10-UX2CrNiMoCu AlTi12-9-4-3 *)1.4645()S46910
M-PH4644-662-20-UX4NiCrMoTiMnSiB26-14-3-21.4644()S66220
A:austenitic                                                   *) patented grade                                                                              ”   ” :  ‘AISI like’ common name

F:ferriticM:martensitic                                                                       () EN nb issued for ISO gradeAF: austenitic-ferritic                  PH:Precipitation Hardening

(1)The ISO name is composed of 4 parts structure XXXX-YYY-ZZ-T

XXXX is a remindr of the European coding, YYY a reminder of the old AISI codes, ZZ an ISO coding and T an additional information

T is a letter from :                                                    -C Chinese based composition        -I genuine ISO composition        -U USA based composition

-E European based composition                  -J Japanese based composition -X comp. origin. from more 2  stds